Mention the chief justice of Supreme Court of India on A4 size of paper.
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More Information about supreme court of India 👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇
The Supreme Court of India, established on January 28, 1950, is the highest judicial body in the country, serving as the final court of appeal and the guardian of the Constitution. Located in New Delhi, it consists of a Chief Justice and up to 33 other judges, appointed by the President of India.
### **Constitutional Basis:**
The Supreme Court derives its powers and functions from Part V and Part VI of the Indian Constitution. Articles 124 to 147 specifically outline the establishment, composition, powers, and jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
### **Composition:**
The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is appointed by the President and is the head of the Supreme Court. Other judges are appointed by the President based on consultation with the CJI. The total number of judges is determined by Parliament but cannot exceed 34, including the CJI.
### **Jurisdiction:**
The Supreme Court has original, appellate, and advisory jurisdictions. It acts as the final court of appeal in civil and criminal matters and has original jurisdiction in specific cases involving disputes between the central government and one or more states. It also has the power to issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights.
### **Appellate Jurisdiction:**
The Supreme Court hears appeals from the High Courts of the states and union territories and, in some cases, directly from subordinate courts. It has the authority to hear cases related to constitutional, civil, criminal, and other matters.
### **Writ Jurisdiction:**
The Supreme Court is vested with the power to issue writs, including habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto, and certiorari, for the enforcement of fundamental rights and other legal remedies.
### **Advisory Jurisdiction:**
Under Article 143 of the Constitution, the President can seek the Supreme Court's opinion on matters of public importance or legal significance. While advisory in nature, these opinions are not binding.
### **Independence of the Judiciary:**
The Constitution ensures the independence of the judiciary, and judges of the Supreme Court can only be removed through a process of impeachment by Parliament, ensuring security of tenure and protecting them from external influences.
### **Landmark Judgments:**
The Supreme Court has played a pivotal role in shaping India's legal landscape through its landmark judgments. Cases like Kesavananda Bharati vs. State of Kerala (1973), which established the doctrine of basic structure of the Constitution, and Maneka Gandhi vs. Union of India (1978), which expanded the scope of personal liberty, are notable examples.
### **Public Interest Litigation (PIL):**
The Supreme Court has been proactive in promoting access to justice through PIL. It allows citizens to directly approach the court for the enforcement of fundamental rights, leading to several significant judgments addressing issues such as environmental protection, consumer rights, and corruption.
### **Technology Integration:**
In recent years, the Supreme Court has embraced technology to enhance transparency and accessibility. The e-Courts project enables online filing of cases, access to case information, and virtual court proceedings, contributing to efficiency and reducing procedural delays.
### **Challenges and Reforms:**
Despite its significant contributions, the Supreme Court faces challenges such as backlog of cases, delays in disposal, and calls for reforms in the appointment process. Debates on judicial activism, collegium system, and the need for more diverse representation among judges continue.
### **International Collaboration:**
The Supreme Court collaborates with international legal bodies and participates in forums to exchange ideas, enhance judicial cooperation, and contribute to the global discourse on legal and human rights issues.
### **Conclusion:**
The Supreme Court of India stands as a pillar of the country's democratic framework, upholding the rule of law, protecting fundamental rights, and ensuring justice for all. Its evolution and role in shaping legal principles make it a vital institution in India's democratic journey, contributing to the nation's commitment to justice, equality, and constitutional values.
Information about civics
### **Foundations of Civics:**
Civics is rooted in the principles of democracy, where citizens actively participate in decision-making processes. It draws from political philosophy, history, sociology, and law to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that govern society.
### **Government Structures:**
A fundamental aspect of civics is the study of government structures at various levels. This includes understanding the separation of powers, checks and balances, and the roles of executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Civics education aims to empower individuals with knowledge about how governments function, ensuring informed citizenry.
### **Political Processes:**
Civics educates individuals on political processes, including elections, political parties, and the functioning of a representative democracy. It explores how public policies are formulated, implemented, and evaluated. Understanding the electoral system and political ideologies enables citizens to make informed choices in a democratic society.
### **Citizenship Education:**
Central to civics is the concept of citizenship and the rights and responsibilities it entails. Civics education fosters an understanding of individual rights, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the right to vote. Simultaneously, it emphasizes civic duties like obeying laws, paying taxes, and participating in community service.
### **Global Perspectives:**
Modern civics education goes beyond national boundaries to incorporate global perspectives. It explores international relations, global governance structures, and the interconnectedness of nations. In an era of globalization, understanding global issues and participating in global citizenship are integral components of civics education.
### **Civics in School Curriculum:**
Civics is typically included in school curricula to cultivate informed and responsible citizens. It covers topics such as the Constitution, the rule of law, democratic principles, and civic engagement. Civics education aims to prepare students to actively participate in civic life and contribute to the betterment of society.
### **Civic Engagement:**
Civics encourages civic engagement, which involves active participation in community and public affairs. This can include volunteering, attending public meetings, advocating for social issues, and engaging in peaceful protests. Civic engagement strengthens democracy by ensuring diverse voices contribute to decision-making processes.
### **Media Literacy:**
An essential aspect of civics education is media literacy. In a digital age, understanding media sources, evaluating information, and discerning between reliable and unreliable sources are crucial skills. Civics education equips individuals to critically analyze media messages and make informed decisions.
### **Challenges and Opportunities:**
Civics education faces challenges such as limited resources, variations in curriculum implementation, and the need for continuous updates to reflect evolving societal dynamics. However, advancements in technology provide opportunities for innovative and interactive civics education, reaching a broader audience through online platforms and educational tools.
### **Role of Civics in Democracy:**
Civics plays a vital role in sustaining and strengthening democracies. Informed and engaged citizens are the foundation of democratic societies. Civics education empowers individuals to understand their rights, fulfill their responsibilities, and actively participate in shaping the collective future.
### **Civic Education Initiatives:**
Various civic education initiatives exist globally, promoting civic literacy and engagement. Non-governmental organizations, educational institutions, and government agencies collaborate to develop resources, conduct workshops, and implement programs that enhance civic education.
### **Conclusion:**
Civics is a cornerstone of democratic societies, providing the knowledge and skills necessary for active and responsible citizenship. It empowers individuals to understand their role in society, participate in civic affairs, and contribute to the democratic ideals of justice, equality, and freedom. As societies evolve, civics education remains essential for fostering an informed and engaged citizenry committed to the principles of democracy.
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